生态学专业英语

.word格式,Plot样方Treatment处理materials材料fieldtrial大田试验design设计sample样品斑块 patch   半荒漠 semi-desert   伴生种 companionspecies   饱和密度 saturationdensity   北方针叶林 northernconiferforest   本能 instinct   本能行为 instinctivebehavior   避敌 avoidingpredator   边缘效应 edgeeffect   变异性 variability   表现型适应 phenotypicadaptation   并行的 simultaneous   捕食 predation   不重叠的 non-overlapping   草原生态系统 grasslandsystem   层次性结构 hierachicalstructure   长日照植物 longdayplant   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,尺度效应 scalingeffect   臭氧层破坏 ozonelayerdestruction   出生率 natality或birthrate   初级生产者 primaryproducer   传感器 sensor   垂直结构 verticalstructure   春化 vernalization   次生演替 secondarysuccesson   存活曲线 survivalcurve   存活值 survivalvalue   存在度 presence   单元的 monothetic   淡水生态系统 freshwaterecosystem   氮循环 nitrogencycling   等级的 hierarchical   地带性生物群落 biome   地理信息系统 geographicinformationsystem   地面芽植物 hemicryptophytes   地上芽植物 chamaephytes   点突变 genicmutation或pointmutation   顶极阶段 climaxstage   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,顶极群落 climaxcommunity   顶极种 climaxspecies   动态平衡理论 dynamicequilibriumtheory   短日照植物 shortdayplant   断层 gaps   多度 abundance   多样化 variety   多元的 polythetic 厄尔尼诺 ElNino   反馈 feedback   反射 reflex   泛化种 generalist   防卫行为 defenncebehavior   非生物环境 physicalenvironment   非线性关系 nonlinear   分布 dispersion   分解者 decomposer   分子进化的中性理论 theneutraltheoryofmolecularevolution   分子生态学 molecularecology   浮游动物 plankton   负反馈 negativefeedback)   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,负相互作用 negativeinteraction   复合种群 metapopulation   富营养化现象 eutrohication   改良 relamation   盖度 coverage   盖度比 coverratio   干扰 disturbance   干扰作用 interference   高度 height   高斯假说 Coarse'shypothesis   高位芽植物 phanerophytes   个体 individual   更新 renewal   功能生态位 functionalniche   关键种 keystonespecies   关联系数 associationcoefficients   光饱和点 lightsaturationpoint   光补偿点 lightcompensationpoint   光周期 photoperiod   旱生植物 siccocolous   红树林 mangrove   呼吸量 respiration   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,互利 mutualism   互利作用 synomonal   化感作用 allelopathy   化学生态学 chemicalecology   环境 environment   环境容纳量 environmentalcarryincapacity   荒漠 desert   荒漠化 desertification   荒漠生态系统 desertecosystem   黄化现象 eitiolationphenomenon   恢复生态学 restorationecology   混合型 mixedtype   基础生态位 Fundamentalniche   基质 matrix   集群型 clumped   寄生 parasitism   加速期 acceleratingphase   价值 value   间接排序 indirectordination   间接梯度分析 indirectgradiantanalysis   减速期 deceleratingphase   简单聚合法 lumping   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,碱性植物 alkalinesoilplant   建群种 constructivespecies   进化适应 evolutionaryadaptation   经典型复合种群 classicmetapopulation   经济密度 economicdensity   景观 landscape   景观格局 landscapepatten   景观过程模型 processbasedlandscapemodel   景观结构 landscapestructure   景观空间动态模型 spatialdynamiclandscapemodel   景观生态学 landscapeecology   竞争 competition   竞争排斥原理 competitionexclusionprinciple   距离效应 distanceeffect   聚合的 agglomerative   均匀型 uniform   可持续发展 sustainabledevelopment   空间结构 spatialstructure   空间模型 spatialmodel   空间生态位 spatialniche   空间异质性 spatialheterogeneity   库 pool   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,廊道 corridor   离散性 discrete   利己作用 allomona   利他作用 kairomonal   猎食行为 huntingbehavior   林冠火 crownfire   磷循环 phosphoruscycling   零假说 nullhypothesis   领域性 territoriality   流 flow   逻辑斯谛方程 logisticequation   密度 density   密度比 densityratio   密度制约死亡 density－dependentmortality   面积效应 areaeffect   灭绝 extinction   模拟 hametic   模型 modeling   内稳态 homeostasis   内在的 intrinsic   耐阴植物 shade－enduringplants   能量分配原则 principleofenergyallocation   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,能量流动 energyflow   年龄分布 agedistribution   年龄结构 agestructure   偶见种 rarespecies   排序 ordination   配额 quota   配偶选择 mateselection   偏害 amensalism   偏利 commensalism   频度 frequency   平衡选择 balancingselection   平台 plantform   平行进化 parallelevolution   栖息地 habitat   气候驯化 acclimatisation   器官 organs   趋光性 phototaxis   趋化性 chemotaxis   趋同进化 convergentevolution   趋性 taxis   趋异进化 divergentevolution   趋异适应 radiationadaptation   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,取样调查法 samplingmethods   去除取样法 removalsampling   全球变暖 globalwarnning   全球定位系统 globalPositioningSystem   全球生态学 globalecology   群丛 association   群丛组 associationgroup   群落 community   群落的垂直结构 vertical structure   群落生态学 communityecology   群落水平格局 horizontalpattern   群落外貌 physiognomy   群落演替 succession   群系 formation   群系组 formationgroup   热带旱生林 tropicaldryforest   热带季雨林 tropicalseasonalrainforest   热带稀树草原 tropicalsavanna   热带雨林 tropicalrainforest   热力学第一定律 firstlawofthermodynamics   人工斑块 introducedpatch   人工廊道 introducedcorridor   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,人口调查法 cencustechnique   人口统计学 humandemography   日中性植物 dayneutralplant   冗余 redundancy   冗余种假说 Redundancyspecieshypothesis   森林生态系统 forestecosystem   熵值 entropyvalue   社会性防卫行为 defencebehavior   社会优势等级 dominancehierarchy   摄食行为 feedbehavior   生活史 lifehistory   生活史对策 lifehistorystrategy   生活小区 biotope   生活型 lifeform   生活周期 lifecycle   生境 habitat   生境多样性假说 habitatdiversityhypothesis   生理出生率 physiologicalnatality   生理死亡率 physiologicalmortality   生命表 lifetable   生态出生率 ecologicalnatality   生态对策 bionomicstrategy   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,生态反作用 ecologicalreaction   生态幅 ecologicalamplitude   生态工程 ecologicalengineering   生态规划 ecologicalplanning   生态恢复 ecologicalrestoration   生态旅游 ecotourism   生态密度 ecologicaldensity   生态农业 ecologicalagriculture   生态入侵 ecologicalinvasion   生态设计 ecologicaldesign   生态适应 ecologicaladaptation   生态死亡率 ecologicalmortality   生态位 niche   生态位宽度 nichebreadth   生态位相似性比例 nicheproportionalsimilarity   生态位重叠 nicheoverlap   生态文明 ecologicalcivilization   生态系统 ecosystem   生态系统产品 ecosystemgoods   生态系统多样性 ecosystemdiversity   生态系统服务 ecosystemservice   生态系统生态学 ecosystemecology   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,生态系统学 ecosystemology   生态型 ecotype   生态学 ecology   生态因子 ecologicalfactor   生态元 ecologicalunit   生态作用 ecologicaleffect   生物 organism   生物地球化学循环 biogecochemicalcycle   生物多样性 biodiversity   生物量 biomass   生物潜能 bioticpotential   生物群落 bioticcommunity，biome   生物群落演替 succession   生殖潜能 reproductivepotential   剩余空间 residualspace   湿地 wetland   湿地植物 hygrophyte   时间结构 temporalstructure   实际出生率 realizednatality   实际死亡率 realizedmortality   食草动物 herbivores   食肉动物 carnivores   ,专业.专注.\n.word格式,食物链 foodchain   食物网 foodwed   矢量 vector   适合度 fitness   适应辐射 adaptiveradiation   适应值 adaptivevalue   适应组合 adaptivesuites   收获理论 harvesttheory   收益外泄 externalizedprofit   衰退型种群 contractingpopulation   水平格局 horizontalpattern   水土流失 soilandwatererosion   水循环 watercycling   死亡率 mortality& deathrate   酸性土理论 acidsoilplant   酸雨 acidrain   随机型 random   常用生态学词汇，英汉对照abundance多度acclimation驯化agestructure,专业.专注.\n.word格式,年龄结构age-specificlifetable特定年龄生命表agroecosystem农业生态系统alleles等位基因allopatricspeciation异域性物种asexualreproduction无性生殖associationtable群丛表associationunittheory群丛单位理论associations群丛biocoenosis生物群落bioconcentration生物浓缩biologicalenrichment生物富集biomass生物量biome生物带bionomicstrategy生态对策biosphere生物圈bottleneck瓶颈Somespecialwordsinecology(C)  cannibalism同种相食carnivores食肉动物carringcapacity负荷量catastrophic灾难性因素chamaephytes(Ch),专业.专注.\n.word格式,地上芽植物characterdisplacement特征替代cheliophytes阴性植物climateclimax气候顶级climateschool气候学派climaxcommunity顶级群落climax顶级群落cline渐变群closedcommunity封闭群落clumped集群分布coadaptedsystem协同适应系统coarsegrained粗粒性分布co-dynamics相互动态co-evolution协同进化cohort同生群colddesert冷荒漠colonization定居,建群coloration色泽communitiesinlittoralzone沿岸生物群落communitiesinthelimneticzone湖沼带生物群落communitiesintheprofundalzone深水带生物群落Communityecology群落生态学communitymatrix,专业.专注.\n.word格式,群落矩阵communityorganization群落组织community群落companionspecies伴生种compen-satorypredation补偿性捕食competitioncoefficient竞争系数competitionhypothesis竞争假说competitiveexclusion竞争排除competivelottery抽彩式竞争conservation保守主义者conspicuousness显著度constancy恒有度contestcompetition干扰竞争contesttypeofcompetition争夺型竞争continentalrise大陆隆continentalshelf大陆架continentalslope大陆坡convergentadaptation趋同适应convergentoscillation趋同波动costofgenerecombination基因重组价costofmating交配价costofmeiosis减数分裂价courtshipbehavior,专业.专注.\n.word格式,求偶行为coverage盖度crudedensity原始密度cryptophytes(Cr)隐芽植物Somespecialwordsinecology(D)  decomposition分解作用delayeddensitydependence延后密度制约densityeffect密度效应densityratio密度比density-dependent密度制约density-independent非密度制约deterministicmodel决定模型detrialfoodchain碎  食物链detritusfeeder食碎生物development发育diagrammaticlifetable图解式生命表diapause滞育differentialspecies区别种diffusecompetition分散竞争diominant-submissive支配—从属directionalselection定向选择discretegeneration离散世代disruptiveselection,专业.专注.\n.word格式,分裂选择disturbanceclimax/disclimax偏途顶级divergentoscillation趋异波动dominance优势度dominantspecies建群种dominantspecies优势种dominant-submissive支配—从属关系drydesert干荒漠dynamicclassification动态分类系统dynamiclifetable动态生命表dynamic-compositelifetable动态混合生命表Somespecialwordsinecology(E)  earthnucleus地幔earth'scrust地核Ecologicalamplitude生态幅ecologicaldensity生态密度ecologicaldominance生态优势ecologicalenvironment生态环境ecologicalequivalent生态等值种ecologicalfactor生态因子ecologicalforce生态力ecologicalinvasion生态入侵ecologicalnatality,专业.专注.\n.word格式,生态出生率ecologicalrelease生态释放Ecology生态学ecosystemdevelopment生态系统的发育Ecosystemecology生态系统生态学ecosystem生态系统ecotonehypothesis生态交错带假说ecotype生态型ectotherm外温动物edgeeffect边缘效应eitolationphenomenon黄化现象emergy能值emigration迁出endogenousmigration内因性迁移endotherm内温动物environmenthormone环境激素environment环境equilibriumtheory平衡理论euphoticzone透光带euryecious广栖的euryhaline广盐性的euryhydric,专业.专注.\n.word格式,广水性的euryphagic广食性的eurythermal广温性的eurytopicspecies广适种eutrophication富营养化evergreenhardwoodforest常绿硬材林Evolutionecology进化生态学evolutionforce进化力exogenousmigration外因性迁移exploitivecompetition利用竞争exponetialgrowth指数增长  Somespecialwordsinecology(F)  facultativeparthenogenesis孤雌生殖facultativeparthenogenesis兼性孤雌生殖facultative兼性因素familyselection家庭选择farmlandecosystem农田生态系统fecundityschedule生育力表fecundity生育力feedback反馈feedingniches取食生态位filterfood滤食性生物finegrained,专业.专注.\n.word格式,细粒性分布finiterateofincrease周限增长率fitness合适度floristic-structuralclassification植物区系—结构分类系统fluctuation波动foodchain食物链formationgroup群系组formation群系formation植物群系foundationalniche基础生态龛freshwaterecology淡水生态学freshwaterecosystem淡水生态系统functionresponse功能反应  Somespecialwordsinecology(G)  gameteselection配子选择gaps缺口gaseouscycle气体循环gengpool基因库geographicvariation地理变异geographicaltheoryofspeciation物种形成geometricgrowth几何级数增长geophytes(G)地下芽植物globalecology,专业.专注.\n.word格式,全球生态gradienthypothesis梯度假说grain粒性grazer牧食生物grazingfoodchain捕食食物链greenhouseeffect温室效应gregarizationpheromone聚集信息素grossprimaryproduction总初级生产力groupselection群体选择groupselection群体选择groupselection群选择growthform生长型guild同资源团  Somespecialwordsinecology(H)  habalzone深渊带habitat生境heath石楠群丛height高度hemicryptophytes(He)地面芽植物herbivore植食herbivores植食动物heterotrophicsuccession异养演替heterotrophs,专业.专注.\n.word格式,异养生物hibernation冬眠homeostasis内稳态homeostasis自调节稳态homeostaticorganism内稳态生物homeostaticprocess内稳定过程humandemography人口统计学Humanecology人类生态学humus腐殖质hydrarchsuccession水生演替hydrosere水生演替系列Somespecialwordsinecology(I)  immigration迁入importancevalue重要值individualconverserate个体转化率industrialmelanism工业黑化现象innercapacityincrease内禀增长力inner-environment内环境instantaneousrateofincrease瞬间增长率intensity强度interferencecompetition干扰竞争interferencecompetition干扰竞争intermediatedisturbancehypothesis,专业.专注.\n.word格式,中度干扰假说internaldistributionpattern内分布型interspecficrelationship种间关系intertidalzone潮间带intraspecificrelationship种内关系inverselydensitydependent反密度制约Islandecology岛屿生态学iteroparity多次繁殖生物iteroparous多次生殖  Somespecialwordsinecology(J--L)  JJordan'srule约丹定律Kkeystonespecies关键种kinselection亲属选择kinselection亲属选择k-strategistsk-策略者Llandcover土地覆盖landuse土地利用Landscapeecology景观生态学lawofconstantfinalyield,专业.专注.\n.word格式,最后产量衡值法则lawoftheminimum最小因子法则lawoftolerance耐受性法则layer层leachedlayer淋溶层leafareaindex叶面积指数leafareaindex（LAS）叶面积指数lenticecosystem静水生态系统lifecycle生活周期lifeexpectancy生命期望lifeformspectrum生活型谱lifeform生活型lifehistorystrategy生活史对策lifehistory生活史lifespan生活年限lifetime寿命limitoftolerance忍受性限度littoralzone沿岸带loticecosystem流水生态系统  Somespecialwordsinecology(M)  macroclimate大气候macrofauna大型生物Marineecology,专业.专注.\n.word格式,海洋生态学marineecosystem海洋生态系统maximumnatality最大出生率maximumsustainedyield最大持续生产量megafauna巨型生物mexofauna中型生物microclimate小气候microcolony微菌落microcommunities小群落micro-ecosystem微生态系统micro-environment微环境microfauna小型生物microplankton小型浮游生物migration迁徙migration迁移modularorganism构件生物modules构件Molecularecology分子生态学monoclimaxtheory单元演替顶级monocultute单种养殖monogamy单配偶制monpohagous单食性monsoonforest,专业.专注.\n.word格式,季风林mortalitycurve死亡曲线mortality死亡率mosaic镶嵌性  Somespecialwordsinecology(N)  natality出生率n-dimensionalnichen维生态龛negativefeedback负反馈netprimaryproduction(GP)净初级生产力neutralitycontroversy中性说论战nichecompression生态位压缩nicheseparation生态位分离nicheshift生态位分离niche生态位non-equilibriumtheory非平衡理论non-homeostaticorganism非内稳态生物  Somespecialwordsinecology(O)  obioticcomponent非生物成分ocean-current洋流ohortlifetable同群生命表omnivores杂食动物opencommunity开放群落openshrublands稀疏灌丛,专业.专注.\n.word格式,opportunist机会主义者ordination排序ornamentation修饰  Somespecialwordsinecology(P)  panclimax泛顶级pantropical泛热带区parabiosphere副生物圈parasites寄生生物parasitoidism拟寄生parentmaterial母质层parentalcare亲代关怀parentalinvestment亲本投资patchiness斑块性percapitagrowthrate每员增长率perclimax前顶级peritrophicmycorrhizae周边营养性菌根phanerophytes(Ph)高位芽植物phenotype表现型photoperiodism光周期现象phyplankton浮游植物physiognomy,专业.专注.\n.word格式,外貌Physiologicalecology生理生态学physiologicalnatality生理出生率phytochrom色素pioneercommunity先锋群落pjarapatricspeciation邻域性物种plankon浮游生物Poissiondistribution泊松分布polyandry一雌多雄制polyclimaxtheory多元顶级理论polygamy多配偶制polygyny一雄多雌制polymorphism多型现象polyphagous多食性的Populationecology种群生态学population种群porosity粒间空隙positivefeedback正反馈postclimax超顶级predation捕食者predator捕食者presentreproductivevalue当年繁殖价值prevailclimax,专业.专注.\n.word格式,优势顶级prey猎物prezygoticmechanism合子前隔离primaryproduction初级生产primarysuccession初级演替primarysuccession原生演替principleofallocation分配原理principleofcompetitiveexclusion竞争互斥原理productionrate生产率production生产量productivity生产力progressivesuccession进展演替protogynoushermaphriodism雌雄同体pyramidofenergy能量金字塔  Somespecialwordsinecology(R)  radiationadaptation趋异适应random随机分布rarespecies偶见种reactiontimelag反应滞时reactivespecies反映性物种realizednatality实际出生率realizednick实际生态龛regressivesuccession,专业.专注.\n.word格式,逆行演替relativefrequency相对频度relativereproductivevalue相对生殖值reproductioneffect生殖成效reproductivecost繁殖成本reproductivepattern生殖格局reproductivetimelag生殖滞时reproductivevalue生殖值residualreproductivevalue剩余繁殖价值resilientstability恢复稳定性resistantstability抵抗稳定性Restorationecology恢复生态学richness丰度r-kcontinuumofstrategiesr-k策略连续系统r-strategistsr-策略者  Somespecialwordsinecology(S)  saprovores食腐者savannawoodland热带稀树草原林地scavenger食腐者sciophytes阳性植物scramblecompetition利用竞争scrambletypeofcompetition分摊型竞争secondarymetabolites,专业.专注.\n.word格式,次生代谢物质secondaryproduction次级生产力secondarysuccession次生演替secondary次级演替sedimentarycycle沉积循环selectivefertilization选择受精self-destructive自我破坏semelparity一次繁殖生物semelparous一次生殖sexratio性比sexualdimorphism  雌雄二形现象sexualreproduction有性生殖sexualselection性选择sexualselection性选择shadeplants耐阴性植物Shannon-Weinerindex香农—威纳指数sieveselectionhypothesis筛选说similarity相似度Simpson'sdiversityindex辛普森多样性指数socialgroup社群socialhierarchy社会等级social-economic-naturalcomplexecosystem,专业.专注.\n.word格式,社会--经济--自然复合系统solaremergy太阳能值solaremjoules太阳能焦耳solartransformity太阳能值转换率spatialpattern空间格局specialheterogeneity空间异质性speciation物种形成speciesareacurve物种面积曲线speciesdiversity物种多样性speciesevennessorequitability种的均匀度speciesheterogeneity种的不齐性speciesturnoverrate种的周转率sporereproduction孢子生殖stability-resilience稳定恢复力stabilizingselection稳定选择standingcrop现存量staticlifetable静态生命表stenoecious窄栖性的stenohaline窄盐性的stenohydric窄水性的stenophagic窄食性的stenothermal窄温性的steppeandsemideserty,专业.专注.\n.word格式,干草原和半荒漠stochasticmodel随机模型stratification成层现象subassociation亚群丛组subdominant亚优势种subformation亚群系succession演替succulent肉质植物succulent肉质植物summeddominanceratio（SDR）综合优势比summer-greendeciduousforest夏绿落叶林survivorshipcurve存活曲线sympatricspeciation同域性物种Synecology群落生态学synusia层片  Somespecialwordsinecology(T)  Terrestrialecology陆地生态学territorialbehavior领域行为territoriality领域性the-2/3thinninglaw-2/3自疏法则theeffectofneighbours邻接效应therophytes(Th)一年生植物thertnoperiodism,专业.专注.\n.word格式,温周期现象thornforestandscrub多刺森林和密灌丛time-specificlifetable特定时间生命表torpor蛰伏totalneutralityhypothesis中性说trophiclevel营养级trophicrelationship营养的联系trophicrelationship营养联系tundraandcoldforest苔原和冷森林  Somespecialwordsinecology(U--Z)  Uuniform均匀分布unitaryorganism单体生物univoltineinsects一化性的昆虫upperhorizon覆盖层Urbanecology城市生态学Vvegetationsubtype植被亚型vegetationtypegroup植被型组vegetationtype植被型vegetativepropagation营养生殖volume,专业.专注.\n.word格式,体积Wwatercycle水循环weight重量Xxerarchsuccession旱生演替xerophytes旱生植物Zzeronetgrowthisoline（ZNGI）零增长线zoneofemergentvegetation挺水植物带zooplankton浮游动物  ,专业.专注.